What is the difference between sensor and transducer

The difference between sensors and transducers is one of the most confusing and ever discussed question among instrumentation students. the reason behind rising such confusion is that, both sensors and transducers are highly related and some people use these as synonyms. here i would like to explore some definitions and differences explained by experts.

the below explanation is by john wiley & sons in “Sensors and Signal Conditioning, 2nd. Ed.”:

“A transducer is a device that converts a signal from one physical form to a corresponding signal having a different physical form. Therefore, it is an energy converter. This means that the input signal always has energy or power, i.e. signals consist of two component quantities whose product has energy or power dimension. But in measurement systems, one of the two components of the measured signal is usually so small that it is negligible, and thus only the remaining component is measured.

AUTOMATIC PICK AND PLACE ROBOT

AUTOMATIC PICK AND PLACE ROBOT
{implemented based on below paper}

With the help of machine vision we identify the object and remove the noise in it. Visual servoing is used to control the trajectory of the robot toward the object in the image. After that we want to pick the object and return to the starting position for placing it.  We use Arduino, H bridge and motors for controlling the robot. This is the block diagram for automatic pick and place robot using camera. This contains mainly eight blocks as shown in Fig

block diagram for automatic pick and place robot

Ratio Based Distance Measurement for Automatic Pick and Place Robot

   Ratio Based Distance Measurement for Automatic Pick and Place Robot.

K.M.I.Yasar Arafath, Adeep Shafi, Adnan Aboobacker, Asha K V, Muhammed Mousoof  K, Rashida P P

kmiyasar@mesce.ac.in,adeepshafi@gmail.com,muhammedmousoofk@gmail.com,

ashakandanakam@gmail.com, rashrashida11@gmail.com

Abstract— Automatic pick and place robots have wide applications especially in the field of agriculture, industry, etc. The most important part in the pick and place robots is the calculation of distance between the object and the observer. Since cameras are becoming an integral part of the robot, this work uses a camera for the measurement of the distance. The previous works in this field either uses external hardware in addition to camera in order to measure the distance or has knowledge regarding the size of the object. This also makes the work useful in cases where measuring instruments cannot be used. This work uses a ratio based distance measurement method for calculating the distance between the observer and the object. The camera on the robot takes the picture of the object and calculates the pixel height. Then the robot moves a known distance towards the object and again calculates the pixel height of the object by capturing a new image. The actual distance to the object is calculated using the ratio of the pixel heights and the known distance moved by the robot. Then robot moves the measured distance, picks the object and places the object at the starting position. The MATLAB is used as the processing software and Arduino Uno is interfaced with MATLAB to control the robotic actions.